Deklarácia a inicializácia
CPP/* To demonstrate C style strings */ #include using namespace std; int main() { /* Null character has to be added explicitly */ char str1[8] = {'H' 'E' 'L' 'L' 'O' '-''1'' ' }; /* Compiler implicitly adds Null character */ char str2[] = 'HELLO-2' ; /* Compiler implicitly adds Null character. Note that string literals are typically stored as read only */ const char *str3 = 'HELLO-3' ; cout << str1 << endl << str2 << endl << str3; return 0; }
Output: HELLO-1 HELLO-2 HELLO-3C style strings are operated with very useful functions like strcpy() strlen() strpbrk() strach() strstr() a mnoho ďalších! (Všetky tieto funkcie sú členskými funkciami ' cstring 'hlavička). Čo je to std::string? Štandardná knižnica C++ obsahuje funkcie a triedy. String je jednou z jeho tried. Tu sa zaoberáme objektom triedy string. Tento std::string sa stará sám o seba a spravuje svoju vlastnú pamäť.
Deklarácia a inicializácia
CPP
/* To demonstrate std::string */ #include #include using namespace std; int main() { /* s becomes object of class string. */ string s; /* Initializing with a value. */ s = 'HELLO'; /* Printing the value */ cout << s; return 0; }
Output: HELLOKonverzia C-String na std::string. Ale prečo potrebujeme túto transformáciu? Z reťazca C na std::string? Je to preto
- Std::string spravuje svoj vlastný priestor. Takže programátor sa nemusí starať o pamäť na rozdiel od reťazcov C (pretože ide o pole znakov)
- Jednoducho sa ovládajú. Operátor „+“ pre zreťazenie „=“ pre priradenie možno porovnať pomocou bežných operátorov.
- Iterátory možno použiť v std::string a nie v C-reťazcoch. And many more! Here is the code for it:- CPP
- Je to preto, že hlavička obsahuje niekoľko výkonných funkcií, ktoré nám veľmi uľahčujú prácu.
/* To demonstrate C style string to std::string */ #include using namespace std; int main() { /*Initializing a C-String */ const char *a = 'Testing'; cout << 'This is a C-String : '<< a << endl; /* This is how std::string s is assigned though a C string ‘a’ */ string s(a); /* Now s is a std::string and a is a C-String */ cout << 'This is a std::string : '<< s << endl; return 0; }
Output: This is a C-String : Testing This is a std::string : TestingThe above conversion also works for character array.
// Character array to std::string conversion char a[] = 'Testing'; string s(a);Konverzia std::string na reťazec štýlu C Prečo potrebujeme túto transformáciu? Zo std::string do reťazca C?
/* To demonstrate std::string to C style string */ #include #include /* This header contains string class */ using namespace std; int main() { /* std::string initialized */ string s = 'Testing'; cout << 'This is a std::string : '<< s << endl; /* Address of first character of std::string is stored to char pointer a */ char *a = &(s[0]); /* Now 'a' has address of starting character of string */ printf('%sn' a); return 0; }
Output: This is a std::string : Testing This is a C-String : Testingstd::string also has a function c_str() that can be used to get a null terminated character array. CPP
/* To demonstrate std::string to C style string using c_str() */ #include using namespace std; int main() { /* std::string initialized */ string s = 'Testing'; cout << 'This is a std::string : '<< s << endl; // c_str returns null terminated array of characters const char *a = s.c_str(); /* Now 'a' has address of starting character of string */ printf('%sn' a); return 0; }
Output: This is a std::string : Testing This is a C-String : TestingBoth C strings and std::strings have their own advantages. One should know conversion between them to solve problems easily and effectively. Súvisiace články: C++ reťazcová trieda a jej aplikácie | Set 1 C++ reťazcová trieda a jej aplikácie | Súprava 2