Táto téma bude diskutovať o tom, ako môžeme rozdeliť dané reťazce do jedného slova v Programovací jazyk C++ . Keď rozdelíme skupinu slov alebo reťazcov na jednotlivé slová, nazýva sa to rozdeliť alebo delenie struny. Rozdelenie reťazcov je však možné len s niektorými oddeľovačmi, ako sú medzery ( ), čiarka (,), spojovník (-) atď., čím sa slová stávajú individuálnymi. Okrem toho neexistuje žiadna preddefinovaná funkcia rozdelenia na rozdelenie kolekcie reťazcov na samostatný reťazec. Takže tu sa naučíme rôzne metódy na rozdelenie reťazcov do jedného v C++.
Iná metóda na dosiahnutie rozdelenia reťazcov v C++
- Na rozdelenie reťazcov použite funkciu strtok().
- Na rozdelenie reťazcov použite vlastnú funkciu split().
- Na rozdelenie reťazca použite funkciu std::getline().
- Na rozdelenie reťazca použite funkcie find() a substr().
Na rozdelenie reťazcov použite funkciu strtok().
strtok(): Funkcia strtok() sa používa na rozdelenie pôvodného reťazca na časti alebo tokeny na základe odovzdaného oddeľovača.
Syntax
char *ptr = strtok( str, delim)
Vo vyššie uvedenej syntaxi má strtok() dva parametre, the str , a zdieľam .
str : Str je pôvodný reťazec, z ktorého funkcia strtok() rozdeľuje reťazce.
zdieľam : Je to znak, ktorý sa používa na rozdelenie reťazca. Napríklad čiarka (,), medzera ( ), spojovník (-) atď.
Návrat : Vráti ukazovateľ, ktorý odkazuje na ďalšie žetóny znakov. Spočiatku ukazuje na prvý token reťazcov.
Poznámka: Funkcia strtok() modifikuje pôvodný reťazec a pri každom volaní funkcie strtok() umiestni na pozíciu oddeľovača znak NULL (' '). Takto môže jednoducho sledovať stav tokenu.
Program na rozdelenie reťazcov pomocou funkcie strtok().
Uvažujme o príklade rozdelenia reťazca v C++ pomocou funkcie strtok().
Program.cpp
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { char str[100]; // declare the size of string cout << ' Enter a string: ' <<endl; cin.getline(str, 100); use getline() function to read a string from input stream char *ptr; declare ptr pointer ' , '); strtok() separate using comma (,) delimiter. cout <<
split function: endl; while loop check is not null (ptr !="NULL)" { print the token (null, } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter a string: Learn how to split a string in C++ using the strtok() function. Split string using strtok() function: Learn how to split a string in C++ Using the strtok() function. </pre> <h3>Program to use custom split() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's write a program to split sequences of strings in C++ using a custom split() function.</p> <p> <strong>Program2.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #define max 8 // define the max string using namespace std; string strings[max]; // define max string // length of the string int len(string str) { int length = 0; for (int i = 0; str[i] != ' '; i++) { length++; } return length; } // create custom split() function void split (string str, char seperator) { int currIndex = 0, i = 0; int startIndex = 0, endIndex = 0; while (i <= len(str)) { if (str[i]="=" seperator || i="=" endindex="i;" string substr ; substr.append(str, startindex, - startindex); strings[currindex]="subStr;" currindex +="1;" startindex="endIndex" 1; } i++; int main() str="Program to split strings using custom split function." char space split(str, seperator); cout <<' the split is: '; for (int < max; i++) << '
: ' strings[i]; return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> The split string is: i : 0 Program i : 1 to i : 2 split i : 3 strings i : 4 using i : 5 custom i : 6 split i : 7 function. </pre> <h3>Use std::getline() function to split string</h3> <p>A getline() function is a standard library function of C++ used to read the string from an input stream and put them into the vector string until delimiter characters are found. We can use <strong>std::getline()</strong> function by importing the header file.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> getline(str, token, delim); </pre> <p>It has three parameters:</p> <p> <strong>str:</strong> A str is a variable that stores original string.</p> <p> <strong>token:</strong> It stores the string tokens extracted from original string.</p> <p> <strong>delim:</strong> It is a character that are used to split the string. For example, comma (,), space ( ), hyphen (-), etc.</p> <h3>Program to use getline() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's consider an example to split strings using the getline() function in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program3.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string S, T; // declare string variables getline(cin, S); // use getline() function to read a line of string and store into S variable. stringstream X(S); // X is an object of stringstream that references the S string // use while loop to check the getline() function condition while (getline(X, T, ' ')) { /* X represents to read the string from stringstream, T use for store the token string and, ' ' whitespace represents to split the string where whitespace is found. */ cout << T << endl; // print split string } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. </pre> <h3>Program to split the given string using the getline() function</h3> <p>Let's consider an example to split a given string in C++ using the getline() function.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include void split_str( std::string const &str, const char delim, std::vector &out ) { // create a stream from the string std::stringstream s(str); std::string s2; while (std:: getline (s, s2, delim) ) { out.push_back(s2); // store the string in s2 } } int main() { std:: string s2 = 'Learn How to split a string in C++'; const char delim = ' '; /* define the delimiter like space (' '), comma (,), hyphen (-), etc. */ std::cout << 'Your given string is: ' << s2; std::vector out; // store the string in vector split_str (s2, delim, out); // call function to split the string // use range based for loop for (const auto &s2: out) { std::cout << '
' << s2; } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your given string is: Learn How to split a string in C++ Learn How to split a string in C++ </pre> <h3>Use find() and substr() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's write a program to use find() function and substr() function to split given strings in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { // given string with delimiter string given_str = 'How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++'; string delim = '_'; // delimiter cout << ' Your string with delimiter is: ' << given_str << endl; size_t pos = 0; string token1; // define a string variable // use find() function to get the position of the delimiters while (( pos = given_str.find (delim)) != std::string::npos) { token1 = given_str.substr(0, pos); // store the substring cout << token1 << endl; given_str.erase(0, pos + delim.length()); /* erase() function store the current positon and move to next token. */ } cout << given_str << endl; // it print last token of the string. } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your string with delimiter is: How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++ How to split a string using find() and substr() function in C++ </pre> <p>In the above program, we use a <strong>find()</strong> function inside the loop to repeatedly find the occurrence of the delimiter in the given string and then split it into tokens when the delimiter occurs. And the <strong>substr()</strong> function stores the sub-string to be printed. On the other hand, an erase() function stores the current position of the string and moves to the next token, and this process continues until we have got all the split strings.</p> <hr></=></pre></endl;> Program na použitie vlastnej funkcie split() na rozdelenie reťazcov
Napíšme program na rozdelenie sekvencií reťazcov v C++ pomocou vlastnej funkcie split().
Program2.cpp
#include #include #define max 8 // define the max string using namespace std; string strings[max]; // define max string // length of the string int len(string str) { int length = 0; for (int i = 0; str[i] != ' '; i++) { length++; } return length; } // create custom split() function void split (string str, char seperator) { int currIndex = 0, i = 0; int startIndex = 0, endIndex = 0; while (i <= len(str)) { if (str[i]="=" seperator || i="=" endindex="i;" string substr ; substr.append(str, startindex, - startindex); strings[currindex]="subStr;" currindex +="1;" startindex="endIndex" 1; } i++; int main() str="Program to split strings using custom split function." char space split(str, seperator); cout <<\' the split is: \'; for (int < max; i++) << \'
: \' strings[i]; return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> The split string is: i : 0 Program i : 1 to i : 2 split i : 3 strings i : 4 using i : 5 custom i : 6 split i : 7 function. </pre> <h3>Use std::getline() function to split string</h3> <p>A getline() function is a standard library function of C++ used to read the string from an input stream and put them into the vector string until delimiter characters are found. We can use <strong>std::getline()</strong> function by importing the header file.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> getline(str, token, delim); </pre> <p>It has three parameters:</p> <p> <strong>str:</strong> A str is a variable that stores original string.</p> <p> <strong>token:</strong> It stores the string tokens extracted from original string.</p> <p> <strong>delim:</strong> It is a character that are used to split the string. For example, comma (,), space ( ), hyphen (-), etc.</p> <h3>Program to use getline() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's consider an example to split strings using the getline() function in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program3.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string S, T; // declare string variables getline(cin, S); // use getline() function to read a line of string and store into S variable. stringstream X(S); // X is an object of stringstream that references the S string // use while loop to check the getline() function condition while (getline(X, T, ' ')) { /* X represents to read the string from stringstream, T use for store the token string and, ' ' whitespace represents to split the string where whitespace is found. */ cout << T << endl; // print split string } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. </pre> <h3>Program to split the given string using the getline() function</h3> <p>Let's consider an example to split a given string in C++ using the getline() function.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include void split_str( std::string const &str, const char delim, std::vector &out ) { // create a stream from the string std::stringstream s(str); std::string s2; while (std:: getline (s, s2, delim) ) { out.push_back(s2); // store the string in s2 } } int main() { std:: string s2 = 'Learn How to split a string in C++'; const char delim = ' '; /* define the delimiter like space (' '), comma (,), hyphen (-), etc. */ std::cout << 'Your given string is: ' << s2; std::vector out; // store the string in vector split_str (s2, delim, out); // call function to split the string // use range based for loop for (const auto &s2: out) { std::cout << '
' << s2; } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your given string is: Learn How to split a string in C++ Learn How to split a string in C++ </pre> <h3>Use find() and substr() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's write a program to use find() function and substr() function to split given strings in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { // given string with delimiter string given_str = 'How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++'; string delim = '_'; // delimiter cout << ' Your string with delimiter is: ' << given_str << endl; size_t pos = 0; string token1; // define a string variable // use find() function to get the position of the delimiters while (( pos = given_str.find (delim)) != std::string::npos) { token1 = given_str.substr(0, pos); // store the substring cout << token1 << endl; given_str.erase(0, pos + delim.length()); /* erase() function store the current positon and move to next token. */ } cout << given_str << endl; // it print last token of the string. } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your string with delimiter is: How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++ How to split a string using find() and substr() function in C++ </pre> <p>In the above program, we use a <strong>find()</strong> function inside the loop to repeatedly find the occurrence of the delimiter in the given string and then split it into tokens when the delimiter occurs. And the <strong>substr()</strong> function stores the sub-string to be printed. On the other hand, an erase() function stores the current position of the string and moves to the next token, and this process continues until we have got all the split strings.</p> <hr></=> Na rozdelenie reťazca použite funkciu std::getline().
Funkcia getline() je štandardná knižničná funkcia jazyka C++, ktorá sa používa na čítanie reťazca zo vstupného toku a jeho vkladanie do vektorového reťazca, kým sa nenájdu oddeľovacie znaky. Môžeme použiť std::getline() importovaním hlavičkového súboru.
Syntax
getline(str, token, delim);
Má tri parametre:
str: Str je premenná, ktorá ukladá pôvodný reťazec.
nahradiť všetku javu
token: Ukladá reťazcové tokeny extrahované z pôvodného reťazca.
zdieľam: Je to znak, ktorý sa používa na rozdelenie reťazca. Napríklad čiarka (,), medzera ( ), spojovník (-) atď.
Program na použitie funkcie getline() na rozdelenie reťazcov
Zoberme si príklad na rozdelenie reťazcov pomocou funkcie getline() v C++.
Program3.cpp
#include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string S, T; // declare string variables getline(cin, S); // use getline() function to read a line of string and store into S variable. stringstream X(S); // X is an object of stringstream that references the S string // use while loop to check the getline() function condition while (getline(X, T, ' ')) { /* X represents to read the string from stringstream, T use for store the token string and, ' ' whitespace represents to split the string where whitespace is found. */ cout << T << endl; // print split string } return 0; } Výkon
Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language.
Program na rozdelenie daného reťazca pomocou funkcie getline().
Zoberme si príklad na rozdelenie daného reťazca v C++ pomocou funkcie getline().
Program4.cpp
#include #include #include #include void split_str( std::string const &str, const char delim, std::vector &out ) { // create a stream from the string std::stringstream s(str); std::string s2; while (std:: getline (s, s2, delim) ) { out.push_back(s2); // store the string in s2 } } int main() { std:: string s2 = 'Learn How to split a string in C++'; const char delim = ' '; /* define the delimiter like space (' '), comma (,), hyphen (-), etc. */ std::cout << 'Your given string is: ' << s2; std::vector out; // store the string in vector split_str (s2, delim, out); // call function to split the string // use range based for loop for (const auto &s2: out) { std::cout << '
' << s2; } return 0; } Výkon
Your given string is: Learn How to split a string in C++ Learn How to split a string in C++
Na rozdelenie reťazcov použite funkcie find() a substr().
Napíšme program, ktorý použije funkciu find() a funkciu substr() na rozdelenie daných reťazcov v C++.
Program4.cpp
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { // given string with delimiter string given_str = 'How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++'; string delim = '_'; // delimiter cout << ' Your string with delimiter is: ' << given_str << endl; size_t pos = 0; string token1; // define a string variable // use find() function to get the position of the delimiters while (( pos = given_str.find (delim)) != std::string::npos) { token1 = given_str.substr(0, pos); // store the substring cout << token1 << endl; given_str.erase(0, pos + delim.length()); /* erase() function store the current positon and move to next token. */ } cout << given_str << endl; // it print last token of the string. } Výkon
Your string with delimiter is: How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++ How to split a string using find() and substr() function in C++
Vo vyššie uvedenom programe používame a Nájsť() funkcia vnútri cyklu opakovane nájde výskyt oddeľovača v danom reťazci a potom ho rozdelí na tokeny, keď sa oddeľovač vyskytne. A substr() funkcia ukladá podreťazec, ktorý sa má vytlačiť. Na druhej strane, funkcia erase() uloží aktuálnu pozíciu reťazca a presunie sa na ďalší token a tento proces pokračuje, kým nezískame všetky rozdelené reťazce.